Furthermore, the verb flatten means to lower the pitch of a note, typically by a small musical interval. If two simultaneous notes are slightly out-of-tune, the lower-pitched one (assuming the higher one is properly pitched) is "flat" with respect to the other. In intonation, flat can also mean "slightly lower in pitch" (by some unspecified amount). To allow extended just intonation, composer Ben Johnston uses a sharp as an accidental to indicate a note is raised 70.6 cents (ratio 25:24), and a flat to indicate a note is lowered 70.6 cents. In any other tuning system, such enharmonic equivalences in general do not exist. Under twelve-tone equal temperament, D ♭ for instance is enharmonically equivalent to C ♯, and G ♭ is equivalent to F ♯.
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